Nomophobia in university students during COVID-19 outbreak: a cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Currently, access to the Internet through smartphones has led to their functions going beyond purely communicative ones, allowing the management of massive, instantaneous, and easily accessible information. This research analyzed the differences in smartphone use and the prevalence of nomophobia, mainly according to gender and university degree of Health Sciences students at the University of Zaragoza during the COVID-19 confinement in Spain. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on a sample of 318 first and second-grade students, who completed an online questionnaire sent to their institutional email, which included sociodemographic questions, other questions about smartphone use, and the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q) scale. Results: Compared to men (n = 58), women (n = 260) were more likely to use their smartphones more intensively daily, as were occupational therapy students compared to the other degree programs studied. The prevalence of nomophobia was moderate, being around the risk of suffering from it. No significant differences in scores for nomophobia among students were found according to gender, university degree, or population nucleus for the nomophobia scores of the students. Discussion: The present study extends the existing literature on nomophobia by providing results of interest in terms of gender and the exceptional healthcare context of COVID-19. The results suggest that despite intense daily smartphone use young people did not reach severe nomophobia figures. This fact underlines the need for appropriate and healthy technology education. Understanding the characteristics of the populations that use the smartphone the most may help to analyze nomophobia rates and the massive use of the device.

Ageism and nursing students, past or reality?: A systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: This systematic review aimed to summarise and update existing knowledge about ageism among nursing students through the following research question: what is the perception and attitudes of ageism among student nurses? DESIGN: A systematic review of longitudinal and cross-sectional studies of ageism in nursing students was carried out. DATA SOURCES: The literature search was conducted in the scientific databases Pubmed and Scopus in February 2021. REVIEW METHODS: After the screening process, 22 studies meeting the selection criteria were selected; 8 more were identified after manually searching the selected paper' reference lists. A total of 30 studies were included in the review. The JBI Critical Appraisal Checklists for Analytical Cross-Sectional studies and for Cohort Studies were used to appraise the articles' quality. RESULTS: There was large variability in the manifestation of ageism among student nurses, as well as in the instruments used for assessment. Most of the articles analysed attitudes towards old age, the majority of which were positive. Being a female student, being on the final year of study and having regular contact or cohabitation with an older adult were three of the main determinants in the expression of positive attitudes towards the elderly. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that student nurses generally have positive attitudes towards old age, although ageist beliefs and discriminatory behaviours were identified and should be studied in greater depth. Training programs for future care professionals have a responsibility to educate from a non-stereotypical perspective based on current societal needs.

Clinical and Epidemiological Approach to Delirium in an Acute Care Unit: A Cross-Sectional Study.

During hospital admissions, the union of various factors, those related to acute pathology, dependency conditions, cognitive impairment, change of habitual environment, and others, can cause delirium. Acute delirium in the elderly (ADE) occurs in around a third of patients over 70 years of age. The syndrome generates serious complications that increase hospital morbidity and mortality and a high cost for the health administration. This study aimed to determine the clinical and epidemiological profile of ADE in an internal medicine unit. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out using a convenience test. A total of 356 patients participated between September and November 2021. Sociodemographic variables, predisposing and precipitating factors of ADE, methods of action against ADE, and the impact on functional and cognitive deterioration were analyzed. A total of 35.1% of the patients developed ADE, mostly of the hyperactive type and of nocturnal appearance. ADE was mainly treated with psychoactive drugs and 22% required mechanical restraint, with non-pharmacological preventive strategies, support, and caregiver training being the main tools for controlling ADE during hospital admission.

Modificaciones en el consumo recreativo de cannabis durante el confinamiento domiciliario en la pandemia por la COVID-19 / Changes in recreational cannabis use during home confinement in the COVID-19 pandemic

El objetivo del presente artículo fue analizar la influencia del confinamiento poblacional en la experiencia de consumo de cannabis e identificar los factores que modulan el patrón de consumo de esta sustancia en un grupo de usuarios de drogas residentes en la comunidad autónoma de Aragón (España). Para ello, se realizó un estudio de tipo cualitativo basado en la realización de dieciséis entrevistas personales semiestructuradas a consumidores de cannabis según un muestreo no aleatorio en bola de nieve. Tras el análisis de su discurso se observaron modificaciones tanto de aumento como de disminución en la experiencia de consumo, además de una posible relación entre los cambios producidos en el patrón de consumo de estos usuarios y las restricciones decretadas por el gobierno de este país. Así se concluyó que el confinamiento poblacional generó modificaciones en el patrón de consumo de los usuarios de drogas, el incremento del consumo se dio en usuarios con un aumento del tiempo libre disponible y que realizaron acopio de cannabis previo al asilamiento. Mientras, la reducción se relacionó con la disminución de las oportunidades para consumir cannabis, desconocimiento de proveedores y ampliación de las jornadas laborales, principalmente. (AU)

The aim of this article was to analyse the influence of population confinement on the experience of cannabis use and to identify the factors that modulate the pattern of cannabis use in a group of drug users living in the autonomous community of Aragón (Spain). For this purpose, a qualitative study was carried out based on sixteen semi-structured personal interviews with cannabis users according to a non-random snowball sampling. After analysing their discourse, changes were observed both in terms of an increase and a decrease in the experience of consumption, as well as a possible relationship between the changes in the consumption pattern of these users and the restrictions decreed by the government of this country. Thus, it was concluded that the population confinement generated changes in the consumption pattern of drug users, with an increase in consumption occurring in users with an increase in available free time and who had collected cannabis prior to asylum. Meanwhile, the reduction was related to the decrease in opportunities to consume cannabis, lack of knowledge of suppliers and longer working hours, mainly.

11-Deoxycorticosterone Producing Adrenal Hyperplasia as a Very Unusual Cause of Endocrine Hypertension: Case Report and Systematic Review of the Literature.

Background and Objectives: 11-deoxycorticosterone overproduction due to an adrenal tumor or hyperplasia is a very rare cause of mineralocorticoid-induced hypertension. The objective is to provide the most relevant clinical features that clinicians dealing with patients presenting with the hallmarks of hypertension due to 11-deoxycorticosterone-producing adrenal lesions should be aware of. Design and Methods: We report the case of a patient with an 11-deoxycorticosterone-producing adrenal lesion and provide a systematic review of all published cases (PubMed, Web of Science and EMBASE) between 1965 and 2021. Results: We identified 46 cases (including ours). Most cases (31, 67%) affected women with a mean age of 42.9 ± 15.2 years and presented with high blood pressure and hypokalemia (average of 2.68 ± 0.62 mmol/L). Median (interquartile range) time from onset of first suggestive symptoms to diagnosis was 24 (55) months. Aldosterone levels were low or in the reference range in 98% of the cases when available. 11-deoxycorticosterone levels were a median of 12.5 (18.9) times above the upper limit of the normal reference range reported in each article and overproduction of more than one hormone was seen in 31 (67%). Carcinoma was the most common histological type (21, 45.7%). Median tumor size was 61.5 (60) mm. Malignant lesions were larger, had higher 11-deoxycorticosterone levels and shorter time of evolution at diagnosis compared to benign lesions. Conclusions: 11-deoxycorticosterone-producing adrenal lesions are very rare, affecting mostly middle-aged women with a primary aldosteronism-like clinical presentation and carcinoma is the most frequent histological diagnosis. Measuring 11-deoxycorticosterone levels, when low aldosterone levels or in the lower limit of the reference range are present in hypertensive patients, is advisable. Systematic Review Registration: Open Science Framework, 10.17605/OSF.IO/NR7UV.

Patient Profile and Management of Delirium in Older Adults Hospitalized Due to COVID-19.

SARS-CoV-2 can cause neurologic symptoms, as well as respiratory ones. Older adults are at risk of developing acute delirium in older persons (ADOP). The combination of experiencing respiratory isolation due to COVID-19, as well as other associated risk factors for older adults, may have had an impact on ADOP and ADOP management in the acute hospital setting. This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of ADOP in patients admitted to a COVID-19 unit. An observational prospective study on a sample of 108 patients was carried out between November 2020 and May 2021. The following data were collected: sociodemographic characteristics, risk factors for ADOP, management of ADOP, and impact on ADOP on both functional and cognitive deterioration. A 29.6% proportion of older adults admitted to an acute COVID-19 unit presented hyperactive ADOP, mainly during the night. Management of ADOP in our sample involved mainly pharmacological treatment and had a serious impact on hospital stay and both functional and cognitive deterioration. Preventive strategies and being accompanied by a relative or a carer may be useful to manage ADOP during hospital admission due to COVID-19.

The TELE-DD Randomised Controlled Trial on Treatment Adherence in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Comorbid Depression: Clinical Outcomes after 18-Month Follow-Up.

Clinical depression is associated with poorer adherence to hypoglycaemic medication in patients with diabetes mellitus, leading to poorer glycaemic control, diabetes management, and increased complications. The main aim of the TELE-DD trial was to demonstrate the efficacy of a proactive and psychoeducational telephonic intervention based on motivational interviewing and collaborative care to reduce nonadherence and improve prognosis in individuals with diabetes mellitus and concurrent depression. DESIGN: The TELE-DD project is a three-phased prospective study including a nested randomised controlled trial. METHODS: The baseline cohort included the entire population of adult patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and concurrent depression. A randomised controlled trial was conducted in a selection of patients from the baseline cohort, distributed into a control group (n = 192) and an intervention group (n = 192). Monthly telephonic interventions delivered by specifically trained research nurses were centred on a psychoeducational individualised monitoring protocol including motivational interviewing and collaborative care strategies. Clinical and patient-centred data were systematically collected during an 18-month follow-up including HbA1c, Patient Health Questionnaire, and the Diabetes Distress Scale. RESULTS: During the trial, 18-month follow-up HbA1C levels significantly (p < 0.001) decreased in the intervention group at every follow-up from an average of 8.72 (SD:1.49) to 7.03 (SD:1.09), but slightly increased in the control group from 8.65 (SD:1.40) to 8.84 (SD:1.38). Similar positive results were obtained in depression severity and diabetes distress, LDL-cholesterol, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure, but only at the 18-month follow-up in body mass index reduction. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first trial to concurrently decrease biological and psychological outcomes with a monthly brief telephonic intervention, pointing out that a combined biopsychosocial intervention and collaborative care strategy is essential for current world health challenges. CLINICALTRIALS: gov Identifier: NCT04097483. Patient or Public Contribution: Diabetic patients not belonging to the TELE-DD population or trial sample were consulted during the study design to review and guarantee the clarity and understanding of the trial psychoeducational materials.

Management of Hypnotics in Patients with Insomnia and Heart Failure during Hospitalization: A Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: Heart failure is a chronic, progressive syndrome of signs and symptoms, which has been associated to a range of comorbidities including insomnia. Acute decompensation of heart failure frequently leads to hospital admission. During hospital admission, long-term pharmacological treatments such as hypnotics can be modified or stopped. AIM: To synthesize the scientific evidence available about the effect of withdrawing hypnotic drugs during hospital admission in patients with decompensated heart failure and insomnia. METHOD: A systematic review of the literature following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was carried out in the following scientific databases: PubMed, Scopus, Dialnet and Cochrane. INCLUSION CRITERIA: studies including a population of adults with heart failure and sleep disorders in treatment with hypnotics and admitted to hospital, studies written in English or Spanish and published until June 2020. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: studies involving children, patients admitted to intensive care and patients diagnosed with sleep apnea. RESULTS: We identified a total of 265 documents; only nine papers met the selection criteria. The most frequently used drugs for the treatment of insomnia in patients with heart failure were benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine agonists; their secondary effects can alter perceived quality of life and increase the risk of adverse effects. Withdrawal of these drugs during hospital admission could increase the risk of delirium. Future research in this area should evaluate the management of hypnotics during hospital admission in patients with decompensated heart failure. In addition, safe and efficient non-pharmacological alternatives for the treatment of insomnia in this population should be tested and implemented.

Lymph Node Tumor Burden Correlates With Tumor Budding and Poorly Differentiated Clusters: A New Prognostic Factor in Colorectal Carcinoma?

INTRODUCTION: Molecular lymph node (LN) staging in early colorectal cancer (CRC) has demonstrated to be more precise than conventional histopathology pN staging. Tumor budding (TB) and poorly differentiated clusters (PDCs) are associated with LN metastases, recurrences, and lower survival in CRC. We evaluated the correlation between the total tumor load (TTL) in LNs from CRC surgical specimens with patient outcome, TB, and PDC. METHODS: In this retrospective multicentre study, 5,931 LNs from 342 stage I-III CRC were analyzed by both hematoxylin and eosin and molecular detection of tumor cytokeratin 19 mRNA by one-step nucleic acid amplification. TB and PDC were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin and cytokeratin 19 immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: One-step nucleic acid was positive in 38.3% patients (n = 131). Tumor Budding was low in 45% cases, intermediate in 25%, and high in 30%. Poorly Differentiated Clusters were low-grade G1 in 53%, G2 in 32%, and G3 in 15%. TB and PDC correlated with TTL, high-grade, lymphovascular and perineural invasion, pT, pN and stage (P < 0.001). TB, PDC, and TTL ≥ 6,000 copies/µL were associated with worse overall survival (P = 0.002, P = 0.013, and P = 0.046) and disease-free survival (P < 0.001). DISCUSSION: The implementation of more sensitive molecular methods to assess LN status is a promising alternative approach to pN staging, which could be integrated to other factors to help risk stratification and management of patients with early-stage CRC. This study demonstrates the correlation of the amount of LN tumor burden with TB and PDCs. TTL is related to the outcome and could be used as a new prognostic factor in CRC (see Visual Abstract, Supplementary Digital Content 2, http://links.lww.com/CTG/A512).

The TELE-DD project on treatment nonadherence in the population with type 2 diabetes and comorbid depression.

Diabetic patients have increased depression rates, diminished quality of life, and higher death rates due to depression comorbidity or diabetes complications. Treatment adherence (TA) and the maintenance of an adequate and competent self-care are crucial factors to reach optimal glycaemic control and stable quality of life in these patients. In this report, we present the baseline population analyses in phase I of the TELE-DD project, a three-phased population-based study in 23 Health Centres from the Aragonian Health Service Sector II in Zaragoza, Spain. The objectives of the present report are: (1) to determine the point prevalence of T2D and clinical depression comorbidity and treatment nonadherence; (2) to test if HbA1c and LDL-C, as primary DM outcomes, are related to TA in this population; and (3) to test if these DM primary outcomes are associated with TA independently of shared risk factors for DM and depression, and patients' health behaviours. A population of 7,271 patients with type-2 diabetes and comorbid clinical depression was investigated for inclusion. Individuals with confirmed diagnoses and drug treatment for both illnesses (n = 3340) were included in the current phase I. A point prevalence of 1.9% was found for the T2D-depression comorbidity. The prevalence of patients nonadherent to treatment for these diseases was 35.4%. Multivariate analyses confirmed that lower diabetes duration, increased yearly PCS visits, HbA1c and LDL-C levels were independently related to treatment nonadherence. These findings informed the development of a telephonic monitoring platform for treatment of nonadherence for people with diabetes and comorbid depression and further trial, cost-effectiveness, and prognostic studies (phases II and III).

[Comparative study of the assaults to professionals in Primary Care against Specialized Care, in the Aragón Health Service during the year 2018.] / Agresiones externas hacia los profesionales del Servicio Aragonés de Salud en los servicios de Atención Primaria y Especializada durante el año 2018.

OBJECTIVE: The risk that health personnel have of being assaulted in the workplace is not homogeneous. Factors such as professional category, level of care or service, modulate their probability. The objective of this work was to analyze the aggressions registered by the Servicio Aragonés de Salud professionals, comparing the characteristics of those that occurred in primary care with those that took place in specialized care during 2018. METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study was made, carried out using the information available in the Aragon aggression registry database, during the year 2018. The study variables included sociodemographic characteristics of the people attacked, type of aggression, level of assistance and sick leave. Frequencies and percentages were calculated for the qualitative variables and mean and standard deviation for the quantitative ones; the relationship between the variables was made using the Mann-Whitney and Chi-Square tests. RESULTS: 236 assaults were registered, of which 75.4% took place in AE. The average age was 45 years. Doctors were more attacked in primary care, while nursing staff was more attacked in specialized care. In primary there were more verbal attacks, while in specialized there were more physical attacks. CONCLUSIONS: Occupational violence suffered by health professionals change depending on the level of care, where a higher incidence of assaults is observed in specialized care. It is necessary to establish improvements in the registry of aggressions in Aragón, to improve the prevention and safety of workers.

OBJETIVO: El riesgo que tiene el personal sanitario de sufrir una agresión en el lugar de trabajo no es homogéneo. Factores como la categoría profesional, el nivel asistencial o el servicio modulan su probabilidad. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar las agresiones registradas por los profesionales del Servicio Aragonés de Salud, comparando las características de aquellas que sucedieron en Atención Primaria con las que tuvieron lugar en Atención Especializada durante el año 2018. METODOS: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal, llevado a cabo a través de la información disponible en la base de datos del registro de agresiones aragonés durante el año 2018. Las variables del estudio incluyeron características sociodemográficas de las personas agredidas, tipo de agresión, nivel de asistencia y baja laboral. Se calcularon frecuencias y porcentajes para las variables cualitativas, y media y desviación típica para las cuantitativas. La relación entre las variables se realizó mediante las pruebas de Mann-Whitney y Chi-Cuadrado. RESULTADOS: Se registraron 236 agresiones, de las que el 75,4% tuvieron lugar en Atención Especializada. La edad media se situó en 45 años. Los médicos fueron más agredidos en Atención Primaria, mientras que el personal de enfermería lo fue más en especializada. En primaria se produjeron más agresiones verbales, mientras que en especializada se registraron más agresiones físicas. CONCLUSIONES: La violencia laboral que sufren los profesionales sanitarios varía en función del nivel asistencial, donde se observa una mayor incidencia de agresiones en Atención Especializada. Es necesario establecer mejoras en el registro de agresiones de Aragón, para perfeccionar la prevención y seguridad de los trabajadores.

Sleep Quality in Patients with Heart Failure in the Spanish Population: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Heart failure is a major problem in western societies. Sleep Disorders maintain a bidirectional relationship with heart failure, as shown by studies conducted in other countries. This study aims to describe the quality of sleep in Spanish patients with heart failure. Materials and methods: We carried out a cross-sectional study to analyze the quality of sleep in a sample of 203 patients with a diagnosis of heart failure admitted to an Internal Medicine Service. The Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to evaluate sleep quality in our sample over a one-month period. Results: 75% of the sample presented sleep disorders. The most common problems included the interruption of sleep (73.5% nocturia and 30% breathing difficulties); 35% had poor sleep efficiency; 33% showed a decrease in daytime performance; 84% had used hypnotics at some point to induce sleep and 35% used them regularly. Conclusions: This is the first study to report on the perceived sleep quality of patients with heart failure in Spain. Self-perception of sleep quality differed from that estimated by the PSQI. The prevalence of the use of sleep-inducing medication was very high. The diurnal dysfunction generated by sleep disorders in a heart failure environment can contribute to the development of self-care and cognitive deterioration problems.

Agresiones externas hacia los profesionales del Servicio Aragonés de Salud en los servicios de atención primaria y especializada durante el año 2018 / Comparative study of the assaults to professionals in Primary Care against Specialized Care, in the Aragón Health Service during the year 2018

OBJETIVO: El riesgo que tiene el personal sanitario de sufrir una agresión en el lugar de trabajo no es homogéneo. Factores como la categoría profesional, el nivel asistencial o el servicio modulan su probabilidad. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar las agresiones registradas por los profesionales del Servicio Aragonés de Salud, comparando las características de aquellas que sucedieron en Atención Primaria con las que tuvieron lugar en Atención Especializada durante el año 2018. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal, llevado a cabo a través de la información disponible en la base de datos del registro de agresiones aragonés durante el año 2018. Las variables del estudio incluyeron características sociodemográficas de las personas agredidas, tipo de agresión, nivel de asistencia y baja laboral. Se calcularon frecuencias y porcentajes para las variables cualitativas, y media y desviación típica para las cuantitativas. La relación entre las variables se realizó mediante las pruebas de Mann-Whitney y Chi-Cuadrado. RESULTADOS: Se registraron 236 agresiones, de las que el 75,4% tuvieron lugar en Atención Especializada. La edad media se situó en 45 años. Los médicos fueron más agredidos en Atención Primaria, mientras que el personal de enfermería lo fue más en especializada. En primaria se produjeron más agresiones verbales, mientras que en especializada se registraron más agresiones físicas. CONCLUSIONES: La violencia laboral que sufren los profesionales sanitarios varía en función del nivel asistencial, donde se observa una mayor incidencia de agresiones en Atención Especializada. Es necesario establecer mejoras en el registro de agresiones de Aragón, para perfeccionar la prevención y seguridad de los trabajadores

OBJECTIVE: The risk that health personnel have of being assaulted in the workplace is not homogeneous. Factors such as professional category, level of care or service, modulate their probability. The objective of this work was to analyze the aggressions registered by the Servicio Aragonés de Salud professionals, comparing the characteristics of those that occurred in primary care with those that took place in specialized care during 2018. METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study was made, carried out using the information available in the Aragon aggression registry database, during the year 2018. The study variables included sociodemographic characteristics of the people attacked, type of aggression, level of assistance and sick leave. Frequencies and percentages were calculated for the qualitative variables and mean and standard deviation for the quantitative ones; the relationship between the variables was made using the Mann-Whitney and Chi-Square tests. RESULTS: 236 assaults were registered, of which 75.4% took place in AE. The average age was 45 years. Doctors were more attacked in primary care, while nursing staff was more attacked in specialized care. In primary there were more verbal attacks, while in specialized there were more physical attacks. CONCLUSIONS: Occupational violence suffered by health professionals change depending on the level of care, where a higher incidence of assaults is observed in specialized care. It is necessary to establish improvements in the registry of aggressions in Aragón, to improve the prevention and safety of workers

[Agression to health care personnel in Spain: a systematic review]. / Agresiones a profesionales del sector sanitario en España, revisión sistemática.

BACKGROUND: The increase in violence in the health sector in recent years has had important consequences on the health of workers who have been attacked. This systematic review is proposed, whose objective was to update and systematically review the available scientific literature on the aggressions against workers in the health sector in Spain. METHODS: A systematic review of the literature on aggressions to the health care personnel was carried out. The following database were searched: Scielo, Cuidatge, Medline, Cuiden, Scopus, Dialnet, Ibecs, Sciencedirect, Medes, Enfispo, Ibecs, Lilacs, CSIC and Embase databases. All original articles were included until April 2019, published in English or Spanish. RESULTS: Twenty-three studies were included. The methodological quality of the included studies was good. The aggression that occur tend to follow the same pattern; they are mostly verbal and psychological aggressions, often accompanied by threats. Patients are the main aggressors, to normally doctors and nurses. The main causes are waiting times and delays, rarely the facts are reported or recorded. CONCLUSIONS: There is an increase in the magnitude of the phenomenon in recent years, in most cases the aggressors are men, whereas the aggressed professionals are mostly women. The variability in the records of aggression notifications and in the questionnaires used in the different studies, as well as the subjectivity and interpretation of these facts, make comparison between them difficult.

OBJETIVO: El incremento de la violencia en el ámbito sanitario en los últimos años ha ocasionado importantes consecuencias sobre la salud de los trabajadores agredidos. Se plantea esta revisión sistemática cuyo objetivo fue actualizar y revisar la literatura científica disponible sobre las agresiones a trabajadores del sector sanitario en España. METODOS: Se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre agresiones al personal del sector sanitario. Se realizaron búsquedas en las siguientes bases de datos: Scielo, Cuidatge, Medline, Cuiden, Scopus, Dialnet, Ibecs, Sciencedirect, Medes, Enfispo, Ibecs, Lilacs, Índices CSIC y Embase. Se incluyeron todos los artículos originales hasta abril de 2019, publicados en inglés o español. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 23 estudios. La calidad metodológica de los estudios incluidos fue buena. Las agresiones que se producen tienden a seguir un mismo patrón. Fueron mayormente agresiones verbales, acompañadas en numerosas ocasiones de amenazas. Los pacientes fueron los principales agresores, ejerciendo violencia fundamentalmente hacia médicos y profesionales de enfermería. Las principales causas se debieron a los tiempos de espera y a las demoras, pero pocas veces los hechos fueron denunciados o registrados. CONCLUSIONES: Se observa un incremento en la magnitud del fenómeno en los últimos años. En la mayoría de los casos los agresores son hombres, pero en cambio los profesionales agredidos son mayormente mujeres. La variabilidad en los registros de notificaciones de agresiones y en los cuestionarios utilizados en los diferentes estudios, así como la subjetividad e interpretación de estos hechos, dificulta la comparación entre ellos.

Agresiones a profesionales del sector sanitario en España, revisión sistemática / Agression to health care personnel in Spain: a systematic review

OBJETIVO: El incremento de la violencia en el ámbito sanitario en los últimos años ha ocasionado importantes consecuencias sobre la salud de los trabajadores agredidos. Se plantea esta revisión sistemática cuyo objetivo fue actualizar y revisar la literatura científica disponible sobre las agresiones a trabajadores del sector sanitario en España. MÉTODOS: Se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre agresiones al personal del sector sanitario. Se realizaron búsquedas en las siguientes bases de datos: Scielo, Cuidatge, Medline, Cuiden, Scopus, Dialnet, Ibecs, Sciencedirect, Medes, Enfispo, Ibecs, Lilacs, Índices CSIC y Embase. Se incluyeron todos los artículos originales hasta abril de 2019, publicados en inglés o español. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 23 estudios. La calidad metodológica de los estudios incluidos fue buena. Las agresiones que se producen tienden a seguir un mismo patrón. Fueron mayormente agresiones verbales, acompañadas en numerosas ocasiones de amenazas. Los pacientes fueron los principales agresores, ejerciendo violencia fundamentalmente hacia médicos y profesionales de enfermería. Las principales causas se debieron a los tiempos de espera y a las demoras, pero pocas veces los hechos fueron denunciados o registrados. CONCLUSIONES: Se observa un incremento en la magnitud del fenómeno en los últimos años. En la mayoría de los casos los agresores son hombres, pero en cambio los profesionales agredidos son mayormente mujeres. La variabilidad en los registros de notificaciones de agresiones y en los cuestionarios utilizados en los diferentes estudios, así como la subjetividad e interpretación de estos hechos, dificulta la comparación entre ellos

BACKGROUND: The increase in violence in the health sector in recent years has had important consequences on the health of workers who have been attacked. This systematic review is proposed, whose objective was to update and systematically review the available scientific literature on the aggressions against workers in the health sector in Spain. METHODS: A systematic review of the literature on aggressions to the health care personnel was carried out. The following database were searched: Scielo, Cuidatge, Medline, Cuiden, Scopus, Dialnet, Ibecs, Sciencedirect, Medes, Enfispo, Ibecs, Lilacs, CSIC and Embase databases. All original articles were included until April 2019, published in English or Spanish. RESULTS: Twenty-three studies were included. The methodological quality of the included studies was good. The aggression that occur tend to follow the same pattern; they are mostly verbal and psychological aggressions, often accompanied by threats. Patients are the main aggressors, to normally doctors and nurses. The main causes are waiting times and delays, rarely the facts are reported or recorded. CONCLUSIONS: There is an increase in the magnitude of the phenomenon in recent years, in most cases the aggressors are men, whereas the aggressed professionals are mostly women. The variability in the records of aggression notifications and in the questionnaires used in the different studies, as well as the subjectivity and interpretation of these facts, make comparison between them difficult

La Enfermera virtual, un portal de educacióny promoción para la salud / Virtual nursing, an education and health promotion portal

En una emergente sociedad del conocimiento, las Tecnologías de laInformación y la Comunicación (TIC) permiten nuevas y beneficiosasaplicaciones para el Cuidado Integral de la Salud. Por ello, el ColegioOficial de Enfermería de Barcelona ha creado un recurso vinculado alas nuevas tecnologías y a la web 2.0: la Enfermera virtual (Ev). Setrata de un portal de educación y promoción para la salud, dirigido alos ciudadanos, con un solo objetivo, el de ayudar a proporcionar losmejores cuidados enfermeros y ofrecerlos como lo hacemos las enfermeras:capacitando a la persona para que tome decisiones sobresu salud. En este sentido es una herramienta de trabajo para las enfermerasy un excelente instrumento para asegurar la continuidadasistencial y de soporte a la atención presencial. Es también un proyectoprofesional global que da soporte a cada actuación enfermeray aporta coherencia al conjunto de nuestra oferta profesional (AU)

In an emerging knowledge society, information and communicationtechnologies (ICT) enable new and beneficial applications for ComprehensiveHealth Care. For this reason, the Official Nursing Associationof Barcelona has created a resource related with the newtechnologies and with the web 2.0: Virtual Nursing (VN). It is aneducational and health promotion portal that targets citizens with thesole purpose of helping to provide the best nursing care and to doso in the manner nurses do: by empowering and enabling patientsto make their own health-related decisions. In this sense, it is a workingtool for nurses and an excellent tool to ensure continued careand support to in situ care. It is also a global professional project thatsupports each nursing intervention and provides coherence to our entireprofessional offer (AU)

[Evaluation of parathyroid function in presternal subcutaneous grafting after total parathyroidectomy for renal hyperparathyroidism]. / Evaluación de la función paratiroidea en el injerto subcutáneo preesternal tras paratiroidectomía total en el hiperparatiroidismo renal.

INTRODUCTION: In the setting of total parathyroidectomy (TPT) and parathyroid transplantation (PTx) for renal hyperparathyroidism (RHP), we evaluated long-term parathyroid graft function after subcutaneous presternal transplantation (SCPTx). HYPOTHESIS: Parathyroid glands are surrounded by fatty tissue. Therefore, we postulated that subcutaneous implantation of parathyroid tissue after TPT for RHP could be at least as effective as intramuscular grafting and would avoid the complications of the latter technique. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We performed a study in a university hospital and its dialysis unit. DESIGN: Prospective open efficacy study of a postoperative diagnostic monitoring method of intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) in a cohort of surgical patients without loss to follow-up. PATIENTS AND INTERVENTIONS: Thirty-five patients (19 women and 16 men) underwent TPT and SCPTx for RHP at the Department of General Surgery and Department of Nephrology, Donostia Hospital, San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain, from January 2002 to December 2005. Follow-up ranged from 6 to 42 months (mean, 15.4 months). Graft function was evaluated by measurement of plasma iPTH levels before surgery and 24 hours and 1, 3, 5, 15, 30, 60, 100 and 150 weeks after surgery. Reference values for PTH in our laboratory were 20-65 pg/mL. RESULTS: The mean preoperative iPTH values were 1245 +/- 367.9 pg/mL (mean +/- SD) (range, 493-2160). After TPT and SCPTx, iPTH levels became undetectable in all patients at 24 hours. A value of 50 pg/mL was established as the criterion for adequate parathyroid graft function. The following values were obtained: 15.54 +/- 10.61 pg/mL (mean +/- SD) (range, 6-44) after 1 week, 57.2 +/- 1.9 pg/mL (mean +/- SD) (range, 43-74) after 5 weeks, 64.21 +/- 9.73 pg/mL (mean +/- SD) (range, 11.3-89) after 15 weeks, 75.12 +/- 9.05 pg/mL (mean +/- SD) (range, 24.6-104.2) after 30 weeks, 101.63 +/- 19.85 pg/mL (mean +/- SD) (range, 65-143) after 60 weeks, 121.63 +/- 27.85 pg/mL (mean +/- SD) (range, 62-179) after 100 weeks, 63 +/- 19.85 pg/mL (mean +/- SD) (range, 68-723) after 150 weeks and 102 +/- 18.65 pg/mL (mean +/- SD) (range, 68-113) after 200 weeks. The prevalence of hypoparathyroidism (serum iPTH level of < 20 pg/mL with a normal or low serum calcium concentration) was 2 out of 35 patients (5.71%) by week 60, with recovery of normal values by week 100. Graft-related recurrence occurred in one out of 35 patients (2.85%). CONCLUSIONS: SCPTx after TPT and PTx for secondary RHP is an adequate method to replace muscular forearm parathyroid transplantation and avoid its complications. The functional results of TPT and SCPTx compare favorably with published data on other surgical techniques proposed for the treatment of RHP. Long-term follow-up of this series is currently being performed.

Evaluación de la función paratiroidea en el injerto subcutáneo preesternal tras paratiroidectomía total en el hiperparatiroidismo renal / Evaluation of parathyroid function in presternal subcutaneous grafting after total parathyroidectomy for renal hyperparathyroidism

Introducción. En el contexto de la paratiroidectomía total (TPT) y trasplante paratiroideo (PTx) para el hiperparatiroidismo renal (RHP) evaluamos la función a largo plazo de injerto paratiroideo después de trasplante subcutáneo preesternal (SCPTx). Hipótesis: las glándulas paratiroideas están rodeadas por tejido adiposo. Por lo tanto, postulamos que la implantación subcutánea después de paratiroidectomía en el hiperparatiroidismo renal puede ser al menos tan eficaz como el implante muscular y sin sus complicaciones evolutivas. Material y método. Estudio realizado en un hospital universitario y su unidad de diálisis. Diseño: estudio prospectivo sobre la eficacia del procedimiento mediante determinación de paratirina intacta (iPTH) en una cohorte de pacientes quirúrgicos sin pérdida en el seguimiento. Pacientes e intervenciones: 35 (19 mujeres y 16 varones) fueron sometidos a TPT y SCPTx por RHP en el Departamento de Cirugía y Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital de Donostia (San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, España), entre enero de 2002 y diciembre de 2005. El seguimiento ha variado entre 6 y 42 (media, 15,4) meses. Se evaluó la función del injerto mediante la determinación de las concentraciones plasmáticas de iPTH antes de la operación y 24 horas y 1, 3, 5, 15, 30, 60, 100, 150 y 200 semanas después. Los valores de referencia para la PTH en nuestro laboratorio fueron de 20-65 pg/ml. Resultados. Los valores medios preoperatorios ± desviación estándar de iPTH fueron de 1.245 ± 367,9 (rango, 493-2.160) pg/ml. Después de la TPT y el SCPTx, las concentraciones de iPTH llegaron a ser indetectables en todos los casos a las 24 horas. Se estableció 50 pg/ml como criterio de función adecuada de injerto paratiroideo. Los valores obtenidos fueron: 15,54 ± 10,61 (rango, 6-44) pg/ml a la semana, 57,2 ± 1,9 (rango, 43-74) pg/ml a las 5 semanas, 64,21 ± 9,73 (rango, 11,3-89) pg/ml a las 15 semanas, 75,12 ± 9,05 (rango, 24,6-104,2) pg/ml a las 30 semanas, 101,63 ± 19,85 (rango, 65-143) pg/ml a las 60 semanas, 121,63 ± 27,85 (rango, 62-179) pg/ml a las 100 semanas, 63 ± 19,85 (rango, 68-723) pg/ml a las 150 semanas y 102 ± 18,65 (rango, 68-113) pg/ml a las 200 semanas. La frecuencia de hipoparatiroidismo (concentración de iPTH en suero < 20 pg/ml con una concentración normal o baja de calcio en suero) fue 2/35 (5,71%) a la semana 60, y se recuperó para la semana 100. La recidiva relacionada con el injerto fue del 2,85% (1/35). Conclusiones. El trasplante subcutáneo preesternal tras paratiroidectomía total y trasplante paratiroideo para el hiperparatiroidismo renal secundario parece un método adecuado como alternativa al trasplante muscular antebraquial y para evitar sus complicaciones. Los resultados funcionales del injerto se comparan favorablemente con los datos publicados sobre otras técnicas quirúrgicas utilizadas para el tratamiento del hiperparatiroidismo renal. El seguimiento a largo plazo de la serie está en curso (AU)

Introduction. In the setting total of parathyroidectomy (TPT) and parathyroid transplantation (PTx) for renal hyperparathyroidism (RHP), we evaluated long-term parathyroid graft function after subcutaneous presternal transplantation (SCPTx). Hypothesis: Parathyroid glands are surrounded by fatty tissue. Therefore, we postulated that subcutaneous implantation of parathyroid tissue after TPT for RHP could be at least as effective as intramuscular grafting and would avoid the complications of the latter technique. Material and method. We performed a study in a university hospital and its dialysis unit. Design: Prospective open efficacy study of a postoperative diagnostic monitoring method of intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) in a cohort of surgical patients without loss to follow-up. Patients and interventions: Thirty-five patients (19 women and 16 men) underwent TPT and SCPTx for RHP at the Department of General Surgery and Department of Nephrology, Donostia Hospital, San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain, from January 2002 to December 2005. Follow-up ranged from 6 to 42 months (mean, 15.4 months). Graft function was evaluated by measurement of plasma iPTH levels before surgery and 24 hours and 1, 3, 5, 15, 30, 60, 100 and 150 weeks after surgery. Reference values for PTH in our laboratory were 20-65 pg/mL. Results. The mean preoperative iPTH values were 1245 ± 367.9 pg/mL (mean ± SD) (range, 493-2160). After TPT and SCPTx, iPTH levels became undetectable in all patients at 24 hours. A value of 50 pg/mL was established as the criterion for adequate parathyroid graft function. The following values were obtained: 15.54 ± 10.61 pg/mL (mean ± SD) (range, 6-44) after 1 week, 57.2 ± 1.9 pg/mL (mean ± SD) (range, 43-74) after 5 weeks, 64.21 ± 9.73 pg/mL (mean ± SD) (range, 11.3-89) after 15 weeks, 75.12 ± 9.05 pg/mL (mean ± SD) (range, 24.6-104.2) after 30 weeks, 101.63 ± 19.85 pg/mL (mean ± SD) (range, 65-143) after 60 weeks, 121.63 ± 27.85 pg/mL (mean ± SD) (range, 62-179) after 100 weeks, 63 ± 19.85 pg/mL (mean ± SD) (range, 68-723) after 150 weeks and 102 ± 18.65 pg/mL (mean ± SD) (range, 68-113) after 200 weeks. The prevalence of hypoparathyroidism (serum iPTH level of < 20 pg/mL with a normal or low serum calcium concentration) was 2 out of 35 patients (5.71%) by week 60, with recovery of normal values by week 100. Graft-related recurrence occurred in one out of 35 patients (2.85%). Conclusions. SCPTx after TPT and PTx for secondary RHP is an adequate method to replace muscular forearm parathyroid transplantation and avoid its complications. The functional results of TPT and SCPTx compare favorably with published data on other surgical techniques proposed for the treatment of RHP. Long-term follow-up of this series is currently being performed (AU)

Parathyroid subcutaneous pre-sternal transplantation after parathyroidectomy for renal hyperparathyroidism. Long-term graft function.

BACKGROUND: In the setting of total parathyroidectomy (TPT) and parathyroid transplantation (PTx) for renal hyperparathyroidism (RHP), we evaluated long-term parathyroid graft function after subcutaneous pre-sternal transplantation (SCPTx). Because parathyroid glands are surrounded by fatty tissue, we postulated that results of subcutaneous implantation of parathyroid tissue after total parathyroidectomy for renal hyperparathyroidism could be at least as successful as intramuscular grafting, but without its complications. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study, a prospective open efficacy study of postoperative (po) diagnostic monitoring of intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) on a cohort of surgical patients, was conducted within a university hospital with a dialysis unit. Thirty five patients (19 women and 16 men) operated on for renal hyperparathyroidism underwent TPT and SCPTx for RHP at the Department of General Surgery and the Department of Nephrology. Donostia Hospital. San Sebastián. Gipuzkoa. Spain, from January 2002 to December 2005. Follow-up ranges from 6 months to 42 months (median: 15.4 months). The main outcome measure was evaluation of graft function by measurement of iPTH plasma level, based on serum levels of iPTH before operation and 24 h and 1, 3, 5, 15, 30, 60, 100, and 150 weeks after surgery. RESULTS: Average preoperative iPTH values were 1,341.52 + 367.78 pg/ml (mean +/- SD) (range: 493-2,180). After TPT and PSCTx, iPTH levels became undetectable in all patients at 24 h. A level of 50 pg/ml was established as the criterion of adequate parathyroid graft function. Values obtained at the various time intervals were as follows: 14.14 + 7.73 1 pg/ml (mean +/- SD) (range: 6-36) after 1 week, 53 + 77.33 pg/ml (mean +/- SD) (range: 35-74) after 5 weeks, 62.95 + 20.93 pg/ml (mean +/- SD) (range: 11-89) after 15 weeks, 77.54 + 18.84 pg/ml (mean +/- SD) (range: 24.6-104.2) after 30 weeks, 109.29 + 50.22 pg/ml (mean +/- SD) (range: 54-327) after 60 weeks, 134.21 + 128.64 pg/ml (mean +/- SD) (range: 43-712) after 100 weeks, and 122.84 + 117.54 pg/ml (mean +/- SD) (range: 68-723) after 150 weeks. Prevalence of hypoparathyroidism (intact parathyroid hormone serum level < 20 pg/ml with a normal or low serum calcium concentration) was 2/35 (5.71%) by week 60 and recovered by week 100. Graft-related recurrence was 2.85% (1/35). CONCLUSIONS: Subcutaneous pre-sternal transplantation (SCPTx) after TPT and PTx for secondary (RHP) is an adequate method to replace muscular forearm parathyroid transplantation and avoid its complications. Functioning results of total parathyroidectomy and presternal subcutaneous grafting compare favorably with the published data on other surgical techniques proposed for the treatment of renal hyperparathyroidism. Results of long-term follow-up exceed previously reported results.